Master controller concept for power flexible energy systems

Abstract

A generic model of a master controller concept is presentedto demonstrate the advantages of aggregating multipleflexible electrical power units. The master controllerconsists of various submodels with different features. APower Balancing Controller ensures that the operation doesnot cause any imbalance with the traded power. A waterfallmethod that ensures that any ancillary service activationsare handled using the appropriate units to obtain cheapestoperation. Simulations of the concept include examples ofstep responses on aFRR activations, as well as actual aFRRdata from the Danish TSO. The results suggest that if thesystem consists of slow units, the aggregation of units canincrease the capacity offered to faster types of ancillaryservices. Additionally, by allowing certain units to shutdown automatically more capacity can be offered as theunits are no longer bound by minimum loads.