Energy Reduction in Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturing using Heat Pumps and Heat Exchanger Networks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp21185211Keywords:
Lithium-ion battery, energy optimization, electric vehicle, electrode drying, dry room, sustainable energy, pinch analysis, heat pumpAbstract
Global electric mobility is rapidly expanding. Hence, the demand for lithium-ion batteries is also increasing fast. Therefore, understanding energy minimization options in this rapidly growing industry is crucial for reducing the environmental impact as well as developing low-cost and sustainable batteries. The biggest contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is the cell manufacturing process. The most energy-intensive steps of cell manufacturing are electrode drying and dry room conditioning. Therefore, we developed process models for these two systems that can be used for evaluating various energy optimization techniques, such as heat pumps and heat exchanger networks. Further, various process options can be tested and benchmarked in terms of their overall energy consumption using these models. The results show that the power requirement may be reduced through all the options assessed, and available energy efficiency measures may substantially lower the energy footprint of cell production with strong relevance for subsequent greenhouse gas footprints.References
Shabbir Ahmed, Paul A. Nelson, and Dennis W. Dees. Study of a dry room in a battery manufacturing plant using a process model. Journal of Power Sources, 326:490–497, 2016a. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.06.107.
Shabbir Ahmed, Paul A. Nelson, Kevin G. Gallagher, and Dennis W. Dees. Energy impact of cathode drying and solvent recovery during lithium-ion battery manufacturing. Journal of Power Sources, 322:169–178, 2016b. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.102.
Silje Bryntesen, Anders Strømman, Ignat Tolstorebrov, Paul Shearing, Jacob Lamb, and Odne Burheim. Opportunities for the State-of-the-Art Production of LIB Electrodes—A Review. Energies, 14:1406, 2021. doi:10.3390/en14051406.
Qiang Dai, Jarod C. Kelly, Linda Gaines, and Michael Wang. Life cycle analysis of lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications. Batteries, 5(48), 2019. doi:10.3390/batteries5020048.
Linda Ellingsen, Bhawna Singh, and Anders H. Strømman. The size and range effect:Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of electric vehicles. Environmental Research Letters, 11:1–9, 2016.
Stefan Jaiser, Marcus Müller, Michael Baunach, Werner Bauer, Philip Scharfer, and Wilhelm Schabel. Investigation of film solidification and binder migration during drying of li-ion battery anodes. Journal of Power Sources, 318:210–219, 2016. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.018.
Asanthi Jinasena, Odne S. Burheim, and Anders H. Strømman. A Flexible Model for Benchmarking the Energy Usage of Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Manufacturing. Batteries, 7(1):14, 2021. doi:10.3390/batteries7010014.
Simon Davidsson Kurland. Energy use for GWh-scale lithium-ion battery production. Environmental Research Communications, 2(1):012001, 2020. doi:10.1088/2515-7620/ab5e1e.
Michael J. Moran, Howard N. Shapiro, Daisie D. Boettner, and Margaret B. Bailey. Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics. Wiley, 9th edition, 2018. ISBN 978-1-119-39138-8.
Emil Oppegård, Asanthi Jinasena, Anders H. Strømman, Jon A. Suul, and Odne S. Burheim. Study of an Industrial Electrode Dryer of a Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturing Plant: Dynamic Modelling. In 61st Conference on Simulation and Modelling, pages 77–84, Virtual, 2020. doi:10.3384/ecp2017677.
Karl Heinz Pettinger and Winny Dong. When does the operation of a battery become environmentally positive? Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 164(1):A6274–A6277, 2017. ISSN 19457111. doi:10.1149/2.0401701jes.
Kelsey Rollag, Daniel Juarez-Robles, Zhijia Du, David L. Wood, and Partha P. Mukherjee. Drying Temperature and Capillarity-Driven Crack Formation in Aqueous Processing of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2(6):4464–4476, 2019. doi:10.1021/acsaem.9b00704.
Jan-Hinnerk Schünemann. Modell zur Bewertung der Herstel-lkosten von Lithiumionenbatteriezellen. Sierke, 1st edition, 2015. ISBN 978-3-86844-704-0.
Xin Sun, Xiaoli Luo, Zhan Zhang, Fanran Meng, and Jianxin Yang. Life cycle assessment of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) batteries for electric passenger vehicles. Journal of Cleaner Production, 273:123006, 2020. ISSN 09596526. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123006.
Matthias Thomitzek, Nicolas Von Drachenfels, Felipe Crdas, Christoph Herrmann, and Sebastian Thiede. Simulation-based assessment of the energy demand in battery cell manufacturing. Procedia CIRP, 80:126–131, 2019. ISSN 22128271. doi:10.1016/j.procir.2019.01.097.
Marcus Vogt, Klemens Koch, Artem Turetskyy, Felipe Cerdas, Sebastian Thiede, and Christoph Herrmann. Model-based energy analysis of a dry room HVAC system in battery cell production. Procedia CIRP, 98:157–162, 2021. doi:10.1016/j.procir.2021.01.023.
Jacob Wessel, Artem Turetskyy, Felipe Cerdas, and Christoph Herrmann. Integrated Material-Energy-Quality Assessment for Lithium-ion Battery Cell Manufacturing. Procedia CIRP, 98:388–393, 2021. ISSN 22128271. doi:10.1016/j.procir.2021.01.122.
Bastian Westphal, Henrike Bockholt, T. Gunther, W. Haselrieder, and Arno Kwade. Influence of convective drying parameters on electrode performance and physical electrode properties. ECS Transactions, 64(22):57–68, 2015. doi:10.1149/06422.0057ecst.
Chris Yuan, Yelin Deng, Tonghui Li, and Fan Yang. Manufacturing energy analysis of lithium ion battery pack for electric vehicles. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 66(1):53–56, 2017. doi:10.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.109.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Håkon Guddingsmo, Petter Martinussen, Daniel Stjernen, Asanthi Jinasena, Anders Hammer Strømman, Odne Stokke Burheim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
