Assessing the impact of rising wind power with energy storage on grid resilience in Sweden to mitigate volatility and enhance grid flexibility

Abstract

This paper assesses the impact of increasing wind power production and energy storage systems on grid resilience in Sweden. Wind power currently makes up 17% of Sweden’s electricity mix, and this share is expected to rise significantly in the coming decades as Sweden aims for 100% renewable energy generation by 2040. However, the variable and intermitted output can negatively impact grid stability. A microgrid model is developed, incorporating a wind turbine, battery storage, power grid, and a representative demand profile. Wind speed data is analyzed to select profiles representing high and low variability, with variance used as a metric for resilience. Planned production is constructed in 12-hour intervals based on wind speed forecasts. The model compares grid dependency and electricity delivery with and without battery storage of varying capacities. The results show that battery storage reduces grid interactions and grid dependency. Furthermore, it aligns actual wind power production with the planned production profile. Optimization analyses find that minimizing operational costs and battery usage increases grid reliance while minimizing costs and grid supplies provides a more stable supply but overuses batteries. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates higher grid dependency in high-variance wind conditions. The paper contributes to understanding how to enhance wind power resilience through improved production planning and battery integration. It proposes using variance analysis in wind profile selection and identifies trade-offs between system stability, costs and battery lifespan under different optimization strategies.